Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Lidia Zapór
National Research Institute, Poland
Keynote: Cytotoxicity of molybdenum trioxide nanoplates
Time : 09:30-10:30
Biography:
Lidia Zapór works in the Department of Chemical, Aerosol and Biological Hazards in the Central Institute for Labour Protection – National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB). She is a head of Laboratory of Toxicology. The main area of her professional interest are problems of human in the working environment and the toxicity of chemical substances as well as methods of estimating the toxicity of substances in vitro. She was also engaged in preparation of documentation of maximum allowable levels of occupational exposure and characteristics of hazardous substances in the work of the Interdepartmental Committee mandated with updating and verification of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for agents harmful to human health.
Abstract:
Statement of the Problem: Nanostructured molybdenum trioxide (MoO3-NPs) is promising material in many applications: in coatings, plastics, textiles, pigments, lubricants, ceramics and glass production, as antimicrobial agents, and for the detection of dopamine in pharmaceutical and clinical preparations. In recent years, it was noted that in the case of nanomaterials should carefully evaluate the risks of their use, as they may pose a health risk. The objective of this study was to assess the cytotoxic activity of MoO3-NPs in human pulmonary cells.
Methodology: The cytotoxicity of MoO3-NPs was assessed on the alveolar carcinoma epithelial cells (A549) and normal bronchial epithelium cells (BEAS-2B) after short, and long-term time of exposure. Cytotoxicity studies included the effect of MoO3-NPs on cell viability, cell membrane integrity (NRU assay), mitochondrial metabolic activity (MTT assay) and the ability of the cells to proliferation (Clonogenic assay).
Findings: MoO3-NPs induced a dose- and time-related negative effect on the viability of both kids of the cells in the cytotoxic doses range 50 - 300 µg/ml, depending on cytotoxicity endpoint. In long-term exposure (7 day), MoO3-NPs at concentrations about 100 µg/ml impaired proliferation, implying their potential chronic toxicity. A549 cells were less sensitive than BEAS-2B one, to all measurement parameters.
Conclusion & Significance: The sensitivity of BEAS-2B cells to MoO3-NPs is of particular concern. These cells form a defense line of the body against the penetration of particles into lungs. Inhibition of the ability of BEAS-2B cells to proliferate under the influence of MoO3-NPs may be an unfavourable phenomenon for predicting their long-term effects of exposure.
Funding. This paper has been based on the results of a research task II.N11A. carried out within the scope of the fourth stage of the National Programme Improvement of safety and working conditions partly supported in 2017–2019 — within the scope of research and development — by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education/National Centre for Research and Development. The CIOP-PIB is the Programmes main co-ordinator.
Keynote Forum
Somenath Ghosh
Shobhit University, India
Keynote: Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of toxicity of melatonin loaded poly (d, l-lactic acid) nano-particles (mel-pla-nano-particles) and its putative use in osteoporosis
Time : 10:00-10:45
Biography:
Dr. Somenath Ghosh has worked in the field of hormone biology and congenital disorders of human physiology and involved in this area since 2009 both as doctoral and Post-Doctoral fellows. Presently he is involved in research where he is trying to investigate the possible amelioration of osteoporosis and other fragile Bone Diseases by biodegradable Poly-L-Lactic Acid-Melatonin (PLA-Mel-Nano-particles) in a CSIR funded project. He is serving Shobhit University, Gangoh, Saharanpur, India as an Assistant Professor. Apart from having numerous publications in journals of National and International repute, recently they were invited to contribute a “Book Chapter” in a Book entitled “Recent Advances in Food Processing and Technology” going to be published by Springer-Nature Publishing House, USA.
Abstract:
Statement of the Problem: Melatonin loaded PLA-Nano particles are nowadays important in biological system for it’s biodegradable nature in the mammalian system for systemtic/targetted drug delivery system. The aim of the present study is note the effect of Mel-PLA-Nano particles and toxicity in osteoprosis which is a lesser explored area of research.
Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Different concentrations of commercially available melatonin and PLA were prepared by dissolving in dichloromethane (DCM). The final dried nano-paticles were stored at 4°C for future use and a part was used for structural analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Further, to evaluate the toxicity and immunological impact of nano-particles on rats; animals were divided into 2 groups (control and nano-particle treated, n=5/group) for 7 days. After treatment animals were sacrificed and blood, liver and kidney were collected. A fraction of blood was processed for assessment of cell mediated immune parameters (TLC, DLC and % LC) and remaining blood was centrifuged at 3000 x g at 4°C for 30 min. Plasma was seperated and used for evaluation of cytokines, (IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β), makers of renal function test (urea, creatinine and BUN). Both plasma and tissue homogenates were used for estimations of AST, ALT, ACP and ALP. The nano-particle size was evaluated by SEM and TEM and was further confirmed by FTIR and in vitro controlled drug release efficasy.
Findings: We noted signifacntly high (p < 0.05) levels of cell mediated immune parameters (TLC, DLC and %LC) and cytokine parameters (IL-2 and TNF-α) upon nano-particle treatment. But rest of the parametrs were found to be significantly low (like IL-6, IL-1β, AST, ALT; p > 0.05) or un-affected (like IFN-γ, ACP and ALP).
Conclusion & Significance: From our preliminary study we may conclude that we have successfully synthesized Mel-PLA-nano-particles and their physilogical effects were non-toxic to the animal.
- Toxicology
Session Introduction
Shikha Singh
University of Allahabad, India
Title: Studies on the assessment of pesticide induced stress and apoptosis in fresh water teleost Channa punctatus
Biography:
Shikha Singh is currently working as a Doctoral Fellow at University of Allahabad, India. She has completed her Masters of Science with cytogenetic specialization from University of Allahabad, India. She has presented ten oral posters in different international/national conferences organized in India. She has been awarded with Best Oral Presentation award for her work in Indian Science Congress Association. She also assists as resource person in various academic courses.
Abstract:
The application of chemical pesticides to agricultural land very often contaminate aquatic habitat which in turn causes detrimental effects to the aquatic biota particularly to the economically important non-target organisms like fish. The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of pesticides (triazophos, deltamethrin and their combination) on oxidative stress level in fish, Channa punctatus. The fishes were procured from local animal supplier of Allahabad, India and acclimatized in laboratory condition. The fishes were exposed to different concentrations of pesticides for 96 hours. The LC50 (Lethal Concentration) value for triazophos, deltamethrin and their combination were found to be 0.069 mg/l, 7.17 µg/l and 0.032 mg/l respectively. For the sub-lethal study, fishes were exposed to 5% and 10% of LC50 of pesticides for 96 hours. During the exposure period, the behavioral changes (i.e. opercular movement, surfacing) were observed. Immediately after exposure, the animals were sacrificed and blood and the key organs (brain, liver, kidney, gills and muscles) were collected for biochemical/stress enzymes assay and for apoptotic studies. In the blood parameters, TLC and DLC showed significant change in counts as compared to control with increased rate of apoptosis. In the stress related enzyme activity such as SOD, CAT, GST and levels of GSH and LPO (Lipid Peroxidation) significant changes were recorded with increase in concentration of pesticides. From our study conclude that, the dose dependent exposure of pesticides may impose detrimental threat to the fish population.
SALAKO N. OLATUNJI
Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Nigeria
Title: RESEARCH ON ANTIDOTE OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS KNOWN AS SODASULPHANECOBLAMIN
Biography:
Has expertise in quantum physics, also on determination of numerical value of dimension on physical quantities. Root mean square velocity and molecule velocity of all chemical elements which is never done before. stoichiometry and periodic properties table that shows the” INTRINSIVE AND EXTRINSIVE PROPERTIES” of all chemical elements. Determination of Molecular Mass and Formula for Air. Computational Mathematics and Application of Small organic Molecules. Antidote of chemical mass weapon (2, 3, 7, 8 - Tetrachlorobenzo-p-dioxin). Critical cGMP and ICH regulations for Pharmaceutical Laboratory. Pollution or environmental remediation studies, anthropogenic effect on petroleum. Synthetic of compound for biological evaluation. Synthetic of helium compound, which is another source of sun. Research on Oil Dispersant. Production of antidote of Cyanide Poisoning.
Abstract:
SodaSulphanecobalamin (Na4S5 CoC69N15H89O26) is an antidote for Chemical weapons, which detoxify and decentralized the toxic substances in any chemical based threat mainly, classical chemical agent threat categories include vesicant or blister agents (e.g., sulfur mustard), blood agents (e.g., cyanide), respiratory agents (e.g., phosgene), and nerve agents (e.g., GA or Tabun, GB or Sarin, GD or Soman, and VX) as well as lung damaging agents (Chlorine, diphosgene). It dissociate the toxic components in each chemical weapons, either nerves agent, blister agent or mustard gas to a nontoxic substance when administered and doesn't have any adverse effects unlike Atropine (which has little effect on nicotinic effect, such as muscle twitching, flaccidity) and other antidotes been tested for neutralizing or countermeasures for a particular chemical based threat. It displaces the Cyanides to a free toxic compound, thiocyanocobalamin .It removes the burns when the sulfur mustard is been contacted through skin, and eye The antidote (SodaSulphanecobalamin) which is sulfur drug group (H-S) bends the mustard makes the anditodal removes mustard from the body, of which can be used as treatment for Organic Arsenical. It also added the amide group of protein when used. However, recent studies shows that this antidote can serve as a replacement for the antidote of Orange agent (2, 3, 4, 7-tetra chlorobenzodioxin) which displaced millions of Vietnam Citizens during the World War II and displaces chlorobenzo to sodium benzoate and saline. Though Mercury (I) Oxalate is been used for this antidote for the orange agent, but we all know that Mercury is highly toxic and poisonous to the human .Nerve agents developed in the 1930s and 1940s were stockpiled during the Cold War. More recently, nerve agents have been used in the Iran–Iraq War in the 1980s, the Japanese terrorist attacks by the Aum Shinrikyo cult in 1995 and attacks in Syria in 2017.
Recently, the Salisbury Nerve attack on March 4th 2018,when SodaSulphanecobalamin is been used for nerves agent antidotal , it dissociates organophosphate to phosphoric acid which helps in metabolism of the body.
(Na4S5 CoC69N15H89O26) is produce by dissolution of hydroxocobalamin with the decomposition of Sodium nitrite and Sodium thiosulfate, then treated with the acidified Sodium bicarbonate, which led to a faster return to baseline mean arterial pressure compared with sodium nitrite with sodium thiosulfate; however, there was no difference between the antidote combinations in mortality, serum acidosis, or serum lactate (TERTSodium1,2-diithiosulphite-3,4diiintroso Co-α(α-5,6diimethlybenzylmizazonly)co-β-hydroxocobalamin)
NO + HOcbl +2NaoH + NO2 +3Na2SO4 + Na2S5 2Na2S2O3 + 2NaNO2 + 4NaOH +HOSCb1 +SO2 (g) ------------------------- Na4 (S2O3)2 (NO2)2 C62H87SCON13O16P
This Research helps to develop the concepts, therapeutic regimens and procedures for the management of chemical warfare agent casualties; developing diagnostic and prognostic indicators for chemical warfare agent casualties; and developing life-support equipment for definitive care of chemical warfare agent casualties.
The most efficient and reliable way to treat chemical weapons is by using SodaSulphanecobalamin. It is non-carcinogenic, non-mutagenic and non-teratogenic compound which is composition doesn’t has any toxicity and health effect when administered. It can also be used as any chemical based threat
Rishikesh K. Tiwari
University of Allahabad, India
Title: Toxicological evaluation of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and their combination in earthworm and their impact on Acetylcholinesterase
Biography:
Rishikesh Kumar Tiwari (Doctoral Fellow): Presently working as a Doctoral fellow with Prof. Ravi S. Pandey, Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Mr. Rishikesh K. Tiwari has completed his M.Sc. with cytogenetics specialization from University of Allahabad, India. He has presented ten oral/poster in different International/National Conferences organized in India besides ten research/review articles in National/International journal repute and one book chapter in USA based publishing house. He has attended one International workshop and assisted as resource person in various academic course(s).
Abstract:
The increasing applications of pesticides in the agricultural fields have adverse impact on flora and fauna of the soil ecosystem. The role of earthworms in the agricultural practices is well known as they immensely contribute in increasing the quality and fertility of soil. So, it acts as a bioindicator for the ecotoxicological analysis of pesticide induced soil pollution. Therefore, the present study was aimed to explore the impact of chlorpyrifos (an organophosphate; OP), cypermethrin (a pyrethroid) and their combination (chlorpyrifos + cypermethrin) on earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae. E. eugeniae were exposed to different concentrations of pesticides for 48 h by paper contact toxicity method. The LC50 for commercial grade chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and their combination were determined as 0.165, 0.066 and 0.020 μg/cm2 respectively. To assess the sub-lethal effect of these pesticides, E. eugeniae were exposed to 5% and 10% of LC50 pesticides for 48 h. Alterations in morpho-behavioural patterns such as coiling, clitellar swelling, mucus release, and bleeding followed by fragmentation of body in earthworms were observed following exposure. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was assayed in different regions of body segment which exhibits significant (p < 0.05) decrease in AChE activity particularly in pre-clitellar region followed by clitellar and post clitellar regions and in comparison, to whole body. The decreased AChE activity with increasing concentration of pesticides indicates the effect at neuronal level which apparent from the behavioural changes. Therefore, from the present findings it can be concluded that long term exposure to these pesticides could lead to severe and irreparable effects on biochemical mechanisms of earthworms.
- Experimental Toxicology and Pathology
Biography:
Abstract:
Omega-3 fatty acids offer several health benefits. In present investigation, hepatoprotective potential of omega-3 fatty acids in the form of flax oil and fish oil was assessed against repeated alcohol dosing in male albino Wistar rats. Hepatic injury was induced by administering 30 % alcohol (1ml/100g b.w./day, p.o). Flax oil and fish oil (500mg/kg b.w./day, p.o) were administered to hepatotoxicity induced rats. Biochemical parameters were analyzed from serum and liver tissue. The expressions of fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), nuclear factor kappa β (NF-kβ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) genes from liver were assayed by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Administration of flax oil or fish oil prevented hepatic damage with marked improvement in hepatic function and normalization of lipid profiles in serum and liver. These interventions normalized oxidative stress through improvements in levels of anti-oxidant enzymes and oxidative stress markers. Expression of genes such as FABP1, PPARγ were downregulated and SREBP1, NF-kβ and TNF-α were upregulated in alcohol induced hepatotoxic rats while treatment with flax oil and fish oil showed improvement in these gene expression. Histological analysis showed normal hepatic architecture in flax oil and fish oil treated animals. The flax oil was found could protect the liver against alcohol-induced liver toxicity and oxidative stress. However, further clinical studies are required to assess the safety and benefits of flax oil in human beings.